ꠝꠥꠢꠣꠡꠣꠛꠣ
ꠝꠥꠢꠣꠡꠣꠛꠣ (المحاسبة) ꠅꠁꠟꠧ ꠁꠡꠟꠣꠝꠤ ꠗꠞꠝꠔꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠨ ꠘꠤꠔꠤꠡꠣꠡ꠆ꠔ꠆ꠞ ꠅ ꠡꠥꠚꠤꠛꠣꠖꠞ (ꠔꠣꠍꠣꠃꠚ) ꠄꠇꠐꠣ ꠈꠥꠛꠔꠣ ꠎꠥꠞꠥꠞꠤ ꠙꠞꠤꠜꠣꠡꠣ ꠫ ꠟꠚꠎꠤ ꠝꠣꠘꠄꠞ ꠖꠤꠇꠖꠤ ꠁꠔꠣꠞ ꠝꠣꠘꠄ ꠅꠁꠟꠧ ꠘꠤꠎꠞ ꠇꠣꠝꠞ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛ ꠘꠤꠎꠄ ꠟꠅꠣ ꠨ ꠘꠤꠎꠞ ꠅꠡꠥꠛꠤꠗꠣ-ꠜꠥꠟꠔꠣ ꠈꠄꠀꠟ ꠇꠞꠣ ꠛꠣ ꠘꠤꠎꠞ ꠇꠣꠝꠞ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛ ꠟꠅꠣ ꠫[lower-alpha 1][1] ꠁꠡꠟꠣꠝꠤ ꠔꠞꠤꠇꠣꠄ ꠨ ꠝꠥꠢꠣꠡꠣꠛꠣ ꠅꠁꠟꠧ ꠙ꠆ꠞꠔꠤꠖꠤꠘ ꠘꠤꠎꠞ ꠛꠣꠔ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠨ ꠇꠣꠝ ꠀꠞ ꠘꠤꠅꠔꠞ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛ ꠘꠤꠎꠞ ꠛꠤꠛꠄꠇꠞ ꠇꠣꠍꠄ ꠖꠄꠅꠣ ꠀꠞ ꠎꠄꠔꠣ ꠜꠥꠟ-ꠔ꠆ꠞꠥꠐꠤ ꠅꠁꠍꠄ ꠅꠔꠣꠞ ꠟꠣꠉꠤ ꠔꠅꠛꠣ ꠇꠞꠤꠀ ꠘꠤꠎꠄꠞꠄ ꠡꠥꠗꠞꠣꠘꠤꠞ (ꠁꠡꠟꠣꠢ) ꠔꠞꠤꠇꠣ ꠟꠅꠣ ꠫ ꠁꠐꠣ ꠖꠤꠟ ꠍꠣꠚ ꠇꠞꠣꠞ (ꠔꠣꠎꠇꠤꠠꠣꠔꠥꠘ ꠘꠚꠡ)[2][3] ꠨ ꠀꠞ ꠞꠥꠢꠣꠘꠤ ꠅꠘ꠆ꠘꠔꠤꠞ ꠟꠣꠉꠤ ꠄꠇꠐꠣ ꠈꠥꠛ ꠡꠥꠘ꠆ꠖꠞ ꠔꠞꠤꠇꠣ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛꠦ ꠎꠣꠘꠣ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠫[4]
ꠁꠡꠟꠣꠝꠤ ꠌꠤꠘ꠆ꠔꠣꠗꠣꠞꠣꠄ ꠝꠥꠢꠣꠡꠣꠛꠣꠞ ꠇꠕꠣ ꠛꠢꠥꠔ ꠙꠥꠞꠣꠘꠣ ꠀꠞ ꠡꠥꠙ꠆ꠞꠔꠤꠡ꠆ꠑꠤꠔ ꠫ ꠡꠥꠚꠤꠛꠣꠖ ꠅ ꠁꠡꠟꠣꠝꠤ ꠝꠘꠧꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠧ ꠁꠔꠣꠞ ꠃꠙꠞꠦ ꠛꠢꠥꠔ ꠀꠟꠧꠌꠘꠣ ꠇꠞꠣ ꠅꠁꠍꠦ ꠫
ꠛꠢꠥꠔ ꠛꠠ ꠁꠡꠟꠣꠝꠤ ꠙꠘ꠆ꠒꠤꠔ ꠅ ꠡꠥꠚꠤ ꠡꠣꠗꠇ ꠀꠟ-ꠢꠣꠞꠤꠡ ꠀꠟ-ꠝꠥꠢꠣꠡꠤꠛꠤ (
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ꠈꠤ) ꠔꠣꠘ ꠎꠤꠘ꠆ꠖꠉꠤꠞ ꠡꠛ ꠡꠝꠄ ꠘꠤꠎꠞ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛ ꠟꠁꠔꠣ ꠫ ꠙ꠆ꠞꠔꠤꠘꠤꠅꠔ ꠘꠤꠎꠞ ꠞꠥꠢꠞ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛ ꠟꠅꠣꠞ ꠟꠣꠉꠤ ꠔꠣꠘꠦ 'ꠀꠟ-ꠝꠥꠢꠣꠡꠤꠛꠤ' ꠇꠥꠁꠔꠧ ꠫
ꠔꠣꠘ ꠟꠦꠈꠣ ꠈꠥꠛ ꠎꠘꠙ꠆ꠞꠤꠦ ꠇꠤꠔꠣꠛ ꠀꠞ-ꠞꠤꠀꠁꠀ ꠟꠤ-ꠢꠥꠇꠥꠇꠤꠟ꠆ꠟꠣꠢ[5] (ꠀꠟ꠆ꠟꠣꠢꠞ ꠢꠇꠞ ꠙ꠆ꠞꠔꠤ ꠈꠄꠀꠟ ꠞꠣꠈꠣ) ꠅꠁꠟꠧ ꠘꠤꠎꠞ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛ ꠟꠅꠣ ꠀꠞ ꠝꠘꠡꠔꠣꠔ꠆ꠔ꠆ꠛꠤꠇ ꠛꠤꠡ꠆ꠟꠦꠡꠘꠞ ꠄꠇꠐꠣ ꠅꠡꠣꠗꠣꠞꠘ ꠟꠦꠈꠣ ꠫[6]
ꠙꠞꠦ ꠫ ꠁꠝꠣꠝ ꠀꠟ-ꠉꠣꠎ꠆ꠎꠣꠟꠤ ꠔꠣꠘ ꠛꠤꠡ꠆ꠡꠛꠤꠈ꠆ꠡꠣꠔ ꠇꠤꠔꠣꠛ ꠄꠢꠁꠀꠃ ꠃꠟꠥꠝꠤꠖ꠆ꠖꠤꠘꠦ ꠝꠥꠢꠣꠡꠣꠛꠣ ꠟꠁꠀ ꠛꠤꠡꠔꠣꠞꠤꠔ ꠀꠟꠧꠌꠘꠣ ꠇꠞꠍꠂꠘ ꠫ ꠝꠥꠟ ꠀꠞꠛꠤ ꠇꠤꠔꠣꠛꠞ ꠌꠃꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠜꠣꠉꠧ[7]
ꠙꠞꠞ ꠎꠥꠉꠞ ꠛꠠ ꠙꠘ꠆ꠒꠔ ꠁꠛ꠆ꠘꠥꠟ ꠇꠣꠁꠠꠤꠝ ꠀꠟ-ꠎꠣꠅꠎꠤꠀ ꠔꠣꠘ ꠝꠣꠖꠣꠞꠤꠎꠥꠡ ꠡꠣꠟꠤꠇꠘ ꠇꠤꠔꠣꠛꠧ ꠝꠥꠢꠣꠡꠣꠛꠣꠞꠦ ꠝꠘꠡꠔꠣꠔ꠆ꠔ꠆ꠛꠤꠇ ꠘꠎꠞꠧ ꠀꠞꠅ ꠛꠦꠡꠤ ꠛꠦꠀꠈ꠆ꠢꠣ ꠇꠞꠍꠂꠘ ꠀꠞ ꠁꠔꠣꠞꠦ ꠞꠥꠢꠣꠘꠤ ꠡꠚꠞꠞ ꠄꠇꠐꠣ ꠝꠥꠟ ꠡꠞꠔ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛꠦ ꠇꠁꠍꠂꠘ ꠫ [8]
ꠁꠡꠟꠣꠝꠤ ꠙꠘ꠆ꠒꠤꠔꠡꠇꠟꠞ ꠝꠔꠦ ꠨ ꠝꠥꠢꠣꠡꠣꠛꠣꠞ ꠔꠞꠤꠇꠣꠞꠦ ꠄꠇꠎꠘ ꠛꠦꠛꠡꠣꠞꠤꠞ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛ-ꠘꠤꠇꠣꠡꠞ ꠟꠣꠈꠣꠘ ꠇꠞꠣ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠫ ꠄꠇꠎꠘ ꠛꠦꠛꠡꠣꠞꠤ ꠎꠦꠟꠣ ꠔꠣꠘ ꠝꠥꠟꠗꠘ ꠨ ꠟꠣꠜ ꠀꠞ ꠟꠧꠇꠡꠣꠘꠞ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛ ꠞꠣꠈꠁꠘ ꠨ ꠁꠡꠟꠣꠝꠤ ꠡ꠆ꠇꠟꠣꠞꠡꠇꠟꠦꠅ ꠘꠤꠎꠞ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛ ꠟꠅꠣꠞ ꠛꠦꠟꠣ ꠔꠤꠘꠐꠣ ꠗꠣꠙꠞ ꠇꠕꠣ ꠇꠁꠍꠂꠘ :
- ꠝꠥꠟꠗꠘꠞ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛ (ꠚꠞꠎ ꠀꠞ ꠅꠣꠎꠤꠛ): ꠙ꠆ꠞꠔꠤꠖꠤꠘꠞ ꠚꠞꠎ ꠇꠣꠝꠔꠣ ꠐꠤꠇꠝꠔ ꠅꠁꠍꠦ ꠘꠤ ꠨ ꠔꠣ ꠈꠄꠀꠟ ꠇꠞꠣ ꠫ ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠇꠝꠔꠤ ꠕꠣꠇꠟꠦ ꠔꠣ ꠇꠣꠎꠣ ꠇꠞꠣ ꠫
- ꠛꠣꠠꠔꠤ ꠟꠣꠜꠞ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛ (ꠘꠚꠟ): ꠘꠚꠟ ꠁꠛꠣꠖꠔ ꠇꠔꠔꠣ ꠇꠞꠣ ꠉꠦꠍꠦ ꠀꠞ ꠇꠤꠟꠣꠘ ꠛꠣꠠꠣꠘꠤ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠔꠣ ꠖꠦꠈꠣ ꠫
- ꠟꠧꠇꠡꠣꠘꠞ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛ (ꠉꠥꠘꠣꠢ): ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠉꠥꠘꠣꠢꠞ ꠇꠣꠝ ꠅꠁꠍꠦ ꠘꠤ ꠨ ꠅꠁꠟꠦ ꠔꠥꠞꠘ꠆ꠔꠧ ꠔꠅꠛꠣ ꠇꠞꠣ ꠀꠞ ꠅꠔꠣꠞ ꠟꠣꠉꠤ ꠜꠣꠟ ꠇꠣꠝ ꠇꠞꠣ ꠫
ꠅꠔꠣ ꠍꠣꠠꠣꠅ ꠨ ꠁꠛ꠆ꠘꠥꠟ ꠇꠣꠁꠠꠤꠝ ꠝꠥꠢꠣꠡꠣꠛꠣꠞꠦ ꠡꠝꠄꠞ ꠝꠣꠙꠦ ꠖꠥꠁ ꠜꠣꠉ ꠇꠞꠍꠂꠘ:
- ꠇꠣꠝꠞ ꠀꠉꠞ ꠝꠥꠢꠣꠡꠣꠛꠣ : ꠇꠥꠘꠥ ꠇꠣꠝ ꠡꠥꠞꠥ ꠇꠞꠣꠞ ꠀꠉꠦ ꠌꠤꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠇꠞꠣ ꠎꠦ ꠨ ꠇꠣꠝꠐꠣ ꠀꠟ꠆ꠟꠣꠢꠞ ꠈꠥꠡꠤꠞ ꠟꠣꠉꠤ ꠅꠁꠔꠦꠍꠦ ꠘꠤ ꠨ ꠘꠣ ꠘꠤꠎꠞ ꠈꠣꠢꠦꠡꠞ (ꠘꠚꠡꠞ) ꠟꠣꠉꠤ ꠫
- ꠇꠣꠝꠞ ꠙꠞꠞ ꠝꠥꠢꠣꠡꠣꠛꠣ : ꠇꠣꠝꠐꠣ ꠡꠦꠡ ꠅꠅꠣꠞ ꠙꠞꠦ ꠁꠔꠣꠞ ꠜꠥꠟ-ꠔ꠆ꠞꠥꠐꠤ ꠟꠁꠀ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛ ꠇꠞꠣ ꠫
ꠁꠡꠟꠣꠝꠞ ꠝꠥꠟ ꠃꠘ꠆ꠡ ꠇꠥꠞꠣꠘ ꠅ ꠢꠣꠖꠤꠡꠧ ꠝꠥꠢꠣꠡꠣꠛꠣ ꠛꠣ ꠘꠤꠎꠞ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛ ꠟꠅꠣꠞ ꠛꠦꠙꠣꠞꠦ ꠙꠞꠤꠡ꠆ꠇꠣꠞ ꠇꠕꠣ ꠀꠍꠦ ꠫ ꠙꠛꠤꠔ꠆ꠔ꠆ꠞ ꠇꠥꠞꠣꠘꠞ ꠡꠥꠞꠣ ꠀꠟ-ꠢꠣꠡꠞꠞ ꠘꠝ꠆ꠛꠞ ꠀꠠꠣꠔꠧ ꠇꠥꠀ ꠅꠁꠍꠦ ꠫
"ꠢꠦ ꠁꠝꠣꠘꠖꠣꠞꠡꠇꠟ! ꠔꠥꠝꠞꠣ ꠀꠟ꠆ꠟꠣꠢꠞꠦ ꠒꠞꠣꠅ ꠫ ꠀꠞ ꠙ꠆ꠞꠔꠦꠇꠞ ꠃꠌꠤꠔ ꠌꠤꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠇꠞꠤ ꠖꠦꠈꠣ ꠇꠣꠟꠇꠥꠞ (ꠀꠈꠦꠞꠔꠞ) ꠟꠣꠉꠤ ꠡꠦ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ ꠙꠣꠐꠣꠁꠍꠦ ꠫"
ꠢꠣꠖꠤꠡ ꠡꠞꠤꠚꠧꠅ ꠁꠔꠣꠞ ꠙ꠆ꠞꠝꠣꠘ ꠙꠣꠅꠣ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠫ ꠔꠤꠞꠝꠤꠎꠤ ꠡꠞꠤꠚꠧ ꠀꠍꠦ ꠫ ꠘꠛꠤꠎꠤ (ꠍꠣ.) ꠄ ꠚꠞꠝꠣꠁꠍꠂꠘ ꠫
"ꠛꠥꠖ꠆ꠗꠤꠝꠣꠘ ꠅꠁꠟꠧ ꠡꠦ ꠎꠦ ꠘꠤꠎꠞ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛ ꠘꠤꠎꠄ ꠟꠄ ꠀꠞ ꠝꠞꠘꠞ ꠙꠞꠞ ꠎꠤꠘ꠆ꠖꠉꠤꠞ ꠟꠣꠉꠤ ꠇꠣꠝ ꠇꠞꠦ ꠫"
ꠁꠡꠟꠣꠝꠞ ꠀꠉꠞ ꠎꠥꠉꠞ ꠙꠘ꠆ꠒꠤꠔ ꠅ ꠡꠣꠢꠣꠛꠤꠡꠇꠟ (ꠡꠣꠟꠣꠚ) ꠈꠥꠛ ꠇꠐꠤꠘ ꠇꠞꠤ ꠝꠥꠢꠣꠡꠣꠛꠣ ꠇꠞꠔꠣ ꠫
ꠁꠡꠟꠣꠝꠞ ꠖꠥꠁ-ꠘꠝ꠆ꠛꠞ ꠈꠟꠤꠚꠣ ꠃꠝꠞ ꠁꠛ꠆ꠘꠥꠟ ꠈꠔ꠆ꠔꠣꠛ (ꠞꠣ.) ꠞ ꠛꠦꠙꠣꠞꠦ ꠀꠍꠦ ꠨ ꠔꠣꠘꠦ ꠇꠁꠔꠣ ꠨ "ꠔꠥꠝꠞꠣ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛꠞ (ꠇꠤꠀꠝꠔꠞ ꠖꠤꠘ) ꠝꠥꠈꠣꠝꠥꠈꠤ ꠅꠅꠣꠞ ꠀꠉꠦꠃ ꠘꠤꠎꠞ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛ ꠘꠤꠎꠦ ꠟꠁꠟꠅ ꠫"[13]
ꠁꠔꠤꠢꠣꠡꠞ ꠟꠦꠈꠣ ꠝꠔꠦ ꠨ ꠔꠣꠘꠦ ꠞꠣꠔꠤ ꠘꠤꠎꠞ ꠙꠣꠅꠧ ꠟꠣꠑꠤ ꠖꠤꠀ ꠔꠥꠞꠣ ꠛꠣꠞꠤ ꠖꠤꠀ ꠘꠤꠎꠞꠦ ꠎꠤꠉꠣꠁꠔꠣ ꠫ ꠀꠎꠇꠥ ꠔꠥꠝꠤ ꠇꠤꠔꠣ ꠇꠣꠝ ꠇꠞꠍꠧ? ꠫
ꠅꠔꠣ ꠍꠣꠠꠣꠅ ꠡꠣꠢꠣꠛꠤ ꠀꠛꠥ ꠔꠣꠟꠢꠣꠞ ꠇꠕꠣ ꠇꠥꠀ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠫ ꠄꠇꠛꠣꠞ ꠛꠣꠉꠣꠘꠧ ꠘꠣꠝꠣꠎ ꠙꠠꠣꠞ ꠡꠝꠄ ꠄꠇꠐꠣ ꠙꠣꠈꠤꠞ ꠟꠣꠉꠤ ꠔꠣꠘ ꠘꠣꠝꠣꠎꠧ ꠈꠄꠣꠟ ꠡꠞꠤ ꠉꠦꠟꠦ ꠨ ꠔꠣꠘꠦ ꠘꠤꠎꠞꠦ ꠡꠥꠗꠞꠣꠘꠤꠞ ꠟꠣꠉꠤ ꠅꠃ ꠛꠣꠉꠣꠘꠞ ꠄꠇꠐꠣ ꠜꠣꠉ ꠝꠣꠘꠥꠡꠞ ꠜꠣꠟꠣꠁꠞ ꠟꠣꠉꠤ ꠖꠣꠘ ꠇꠞꠤ ꠖꠦꠘ ꠫[13]
ꠔꠣꠛꠦꠠꠤ ꠀꠢ꠆ꠘꠣꠚ ꠁꠛ꠆ꠘ ꠇꠣꠠꠦꠡ ꠙ꠆ꠞꠖꠤꠙꠞ ꠀꠉꠥꠘꠧ ꠀꠉꠥꠟ ꠞꠣꠈꠤꠀ ꠀꠉꠥꠘꠞ ꠔꠦꠎ ꠖꠦꠈꠔꠣ ꠀꠞ ꠘꠤꠎꠞꠦ ꠢꠥꠡꠤꠁꠞ ꠇꠞꠔꠣ ꠫[14]
ꠁꠡꠟꠣꠝꠤ ꠘꠤꠔꠤꠡꠣꠡ꠆ꠔ꠆ꠞꠧ ꠝꠥꠢꠣꠡꠣꠛꠣꠞꠦ ꠘꠤꠎꠞ ꠛꠠꠣꠁ ꠖꠥꠞ ꠇꠞꠣꠞ ꠀꠞ ꠘꠤꠎꠞ ꠜꠥꠟꠔꠣ ꠎꠣꠘꠣꠞ ꠄꠇꠐꠣ ꠛꠠ ꠢꠣꠔꠤꠁꠞ ꠝꠘꠦ ꠇꠞꠣ ꠅꠁꠔꠧ ꠫ ꠁꠔꠣꠄ ꠝꠣꠘꠥꠡꠞ ꠈꠣꠞꠣꠙ ꠁꠌ꠆ꠍꠣꠔꠣ (ꠘꠚꠡ) ꠖꠣꠛꠣꠁꠁ ꠞꠣꠈꠦ ꠫ ꠇꠥꠞꠣꠘꠧ ꠀꠍꠦ ꠨ "ꠀꠞ ꠎꠦ ꠔꠣꠘ ꠞꠛꠞ ꠡꠣꠝꠘꠦ ꠅꠛꠡ꠆ꠑꠣꠘꠞꠦ ꠒꠞꠣꠁꠍꠦ ꠀꠞ ꠘꠤꠎꠞꠦ ꠈꠣꠞꠣꠙ ꠁꠌ꠆ꠍꠣ ꠕꠘꠦ ꠛꠣꠌꠣꠁꠁ ꠞꠣꠈꠍꠦ ꠫"[15]
ꠙ꠆ꠞꠔꠤꠖꠤꠘ ꠝꠥꠢꠣꠡꠣꠛꠣ ꠇꠞꠣꠞ ꠟꠣꠉꠤ ꠄꠇꠎꠘ ꠝꠣꠘꠥꠡ ꠞꠥꠢꠣꠘꠤ ꠅ ꠘꠤꠔꠤꠇꠔꠣꠄ ꠀꠞꠅ ꠜꠣꠟ ꠝꠣꠘꠥꠡ ꠅꠁꠔꠦ ꠙꠣꠞꠦ ꠫
- ↑ 'ꠝꠥꠢꠣꠡꠣꠛꠣ' (المحاسبة) ꠡꠛ꠆ꠖꠧ ꠀꠞꠛꠤ ꠝꠥꠟ 'ꠢꠣꠡꠣꠛꠣ' (حسب) ꠕꠘꠄ ꠀꠁꠍꠄ ꠨ ꠎꠄꠔꠣꠞ ꠝꠣꠘꠄ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛ ꠇꠞꠣ ꠨ ꠝꠣꠙꠣ ꠛꠣ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛ ꠟꠅꠣ ꠫
- ↑ ꠁꠛ꠆ꠘꠥꠟ ꠇꠣꠁꠠꠤꠝꠞ ꠝꠔꠦ ꠨ ꠇꠣꠝꠞ ꠀꠉꠞ ꠝꠥꠢꠣꠡꠣꠛꠣꠄ ꠝꠣꠘꠥꠡꠞꠦ ꠢꠛ꠆ꠎꠣꠞꠣ (ꠢꠑꠇꠣꠞꠤꠔꠣ) ꠕꠘꠦ ꠛꠣꠌꠣꠄ ꠨ ꠀꠞ ꠇꠣꠝꠞ ꠙꠞꠞ ꠝꠥꠢꠣꠡꠣꠛꠣꠄ ꠝꠣꠘꠥꠡꠞꠦ ꠛꠠꠣꠁ (ꠅꠢꠘ꠆ꠇꠣꠞ) ꠕꠘꠦ ꠛꠣꠌꠣꠄ ꠀꠞ ꠔꠅꠛꠣ ꠇꠞꠔꠦ ꠡꠤꠈꠣꠄ ꠫
- ↑ ꠡꠣꠟꠣꠚ (السلف) ꠛꠟꠔꠦ ꠁꠡꠟꠣꠝꠞ ꠙꠦꠟꠣ ꠔꠤꠘ ꠎꠥꠉꠞ ꠝꠣꠘꠥꠡꠞꠦ (ꠡꠣꠢꠣꠛꠤ ꠨ ꠔꠣꠛꠦꠠꠤ ꠅ ꠔꠣꠛꠦ-ꠔꠣꠛꠦꠠꠤ) ꠛꠥꠎꠣꠘꠤ ꠅꠁꠍꠦ ꠨ ꠎꠄꠔꠣꠞ ꠎꠥꠉꠞꠦ ꠁꠡꠟꠣꠝꠞ ꠡꠥꠘꠣꠟꠤ ꠎꠥꠉ ꠇꠥꠀ ꠅꠁꠔꠧ ꠫
- ↑ ꠝꠥꠢꠝ꠆ꠝꠖ ꠀꠛ꠆ꠖꠥꠟ ꠝꠣꠟꠄꠇ. "ꠝꠥꠢꠣꠡꠣꠛꠣ" (in Bengali). ꠝꠣꠡꠤꠇ ꠀꠔ-ꠔꠣꠢꠞꠤꠇ. Retrieved
ꠝꠦ 
. {{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=(help) - ↑ ꠀꠟꠤ, ꠒ. ꠀꠢꠝꠖ. ꠔꠣꠎꠇꠤꠠꠣꠔꠥꠘ ꠘꠚꠡ (ꠖꠤꠟ ꠍꠣꠚ ꠇꠞꠣ) (PDF) (in Bengali). ꠓꠣꠇꠣ: ꠛꠣꠘ꠆ꠉ꠆ꠟꠣꠖꠦꠡ ꠁꠡꠟꠣꠝꠤ ꠡꠦꠘ꠆ꠐꠣꠞ.
- ↑ "ꠖꠤꠟ ꠍꠣꠚ ꠇꠞꠣ: ꠔꠣꠎꠇꠤꠠꠣꠔꠥꠘ ꠘꠚꠡ". ꠝꠤꠘꠛꠣꠞ ꠛꠤꠓꠤ (MinbarBD) (in Bengali). Retrieved
ꠝꠣꠞ꠆ꠌ 
. {{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=(help) - ↑ "ꠝꠥꠢꠣꠡꠣꠛꠣ: ꠇꠥꠞꠀꠘ ꠅ ꠡꠥꠘ꠆ꠘꠣꠢꠞ ꠘꠎꠞꠧ ꠝꠥꠡꠟꠤꠝ ꠎꠤꠘ꠆ꠖꠉꠤꠞ ꠀꠖꠛ" (in Bengali). ꠢꠣꠖꠤꠡꠛꠤꠓꠤ (Hadithbd). Retrieved ꠝꠦ .
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=(help) - ↑ ꠀꠟ-ꠢꠣꠞꠤꠡ ꠀꠟ-ꠝꠥꠢꠣꠡꠤꠛꠤ. الرعاية لحقوق الله [ꠀꠞ-ꠞꠤꠀꠁꠀ ꠟꠤ-ꠢꠥꠇꠥꠇꠤꠟ꠆ꠟꠣꠢ (ꠀꠟ꠆ꠟꠣꠢꠞ ꠢꠇꠞ ꠙ꠆ꠞꠔꠤ ꠈꠄꠀꠟ ꠞꠣꠈꠣ)] (in Arabic). Maktabah.org. p. 550.
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 3282: attempt to call field 'year_check' (a nil value).
- ↑ ꠀꠟ-ꠉꠣꠎ꠆ꠎꠣꠟꠤ, ꠀꠛꠥ ꠢꠣꠝꠤꠖ. إحياء علوم الدين [ꠁꠢꠁꠀꠃ ꠃꠟꠥꠝꠤꠖ꠆ꠖꠤꠘ] (in Arabic). Vol. .
- ↑ ꠀꠟ-ꠎꠣꠅꠎꠤꠀ, ꠁꠛ꠆ꠘꠥꠟ ꠇꠣꠁꠠꠤꠝ. "Muhasabah dan Pilar-pilarnya (ꠝꠥꠢꠣꠡꠣꠛꠣ ꠅ ꠁꠔꠣꠞ ꠈꠥꠐꠤꠡꠇꠟ)". Madarijus-Salikin (Pendakian Menuju Allah) [ꠝꠣꠖꠣꠞꠤꠎꠥꠡ ꠡꠣꠟꠤꠇꠘ] (PDF) (in Indonesian). Translated by ꠇꠣꠔꠥꠞ ꠡꠥꠢꠣꠞꠖꠤ. pp.
. - ↑ "ꠝꠥꠢꠣꠡꠣꠛꠣ ꠛꠣ ꠘꠤꠎꠞ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛ ꠟꠅꠣ : ꠎꠥꠞꠥꠞꠔ ꠅ ꠔꠞꠤꠇꠣ" (PDF) (in Bengali). Islamhouse. Retrieved ꠝꠦ .
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=(help) - ↑ "ꠝꠥꠞꠣꠇꠣꠛꠣ ꠅ ꠝꠥꠢꠣꠡꠣꠛꠣ: ꠔꠞꠤꠇꠣ ꠅ ꠎꠥꠞꠥꠞꠔ" (in Bengali). ꠝꠥꠡꠟꠤꠝ ꠛꠣꠘ꠆ꠉ꠆ꠟꠣ. Retrieved ꠝꠦ .
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=(help) - ↑ ꠀꠟ-ꠇꠥꠞꠣꠘ — ꠡꠥꠞꠣ ꠀꠟ-ꠢꠣꠡꠞ
:
- ↑ ꠡꠥꠘꠣꠘ ꠀꠔꠔꠤꠞꠝꠤꠎꠤ — ꠇꠤꠔꠣꠛꠥꠟ ꠇꠤꠀꠝꠣꠢ — ꠢꠣꠖꠤꠡ ꠘꠝ꠆ꠛꠞ :
- 1 2 ꠀꠟ-ꠎꠎꠣꠄꠞꠤ, ꠀꠛꠥ ꠛꠇꠞ. ꠝꠤꠘꠢꠣꠎꠥꠟ ꠝꠥꠡꠟꠤꠝ. ꠞꠤꠠꠣꠖ: ꠖꠣꠞꠥꠡ ꠡꠣꠟꠣꠝ. p. ১২১.
- ↑ ꠀꠟ-ꠎꠎꠣꠄꠞꠤ ꠨ ꠝꠤꠘꠢꠣꠎꠥꠟ ꠝꠥꠡꠟꠤꠝ ꠨ ꠙꠣꠔꠣ: ১২২
- ↑ ꠀꠟ-ꠇꠥꠞꠣꠘ ꠨ ꠡꠥꠞꠣ ꠀꠘ-ꠘꠣꠎꠤꠢ ৭৯:৪০-৪১
- ꠀꠟꠤ ꠨ ꠒ. ꠀꠢꠝꠖ। ꠔꠣꠎꠇꠤꠠꠣꠔꠥꠘ ꠘꠚꠡ (ꠖꠤꠟ ꠍꠣꠚ ꠇꠞꠣ)। ꠓꠣꠇꠣ: ꠛꠣꠘ꠆ꠉ꠆ꠟꠣꠖꠦꠡ ꠁꠡꠟꠣꠝꠤ ꠡꠦꠘ꠆ꠐꠣꠞ ꠫
- ꠀꠟ-ꠎꠎꠣꠄꠞꠤ ꠨ ꠀꠛ ꠛꠇꠞ। ꠝꠤꠘꠢꠣꠎꠥꠟ ꠝꠥꠡꠟꠤꠝ। ꠞꠤꠠꠣꠖ: ꠖꠣꠞꠥꠡ ꠡꠣꠟꠣꠝ ꠫
- Al-Ghazali ꠨ Abu Hamid. Ihya Ulum Al-Din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences). Beirut: Dar Al-Kotob Al-Ilmiyah ꠫
- ꠁꠛ꠆ꠘꠥꠟ ꠇꠣꠁꠠꠤꠝ ꠀꠟ-ꠎꠣꠅꠎꠤꠀ ꠨ ꠝꠣꠖꠣꠞꠤꠎꠥꠡ ꠡꠣꠟꠤꠇꠤꠘ ꠫
- ꠀꠟ-ꠢꠣꠞꠤꠡ ꠀꠟ-ꠝꠥꠢꠣꠡꠤꠛꠤ ꠨ ꠀꠞ-ꠞꠤꠀꠁꠀ ꠟꠤ-ꠢꠥꠇꠥꠇꠤꠟ꠆ꠟꠣꠢ ꠫